Background & Objectives: The human living environment has some extent of ionizing radiation that depends on the latitude and altitude of the region.Identifying the amount of this radiation can determine the suitable healthy living environment. In this study, for the first time, the outdoor radiation dose rate in the city of Bojnurd (North Khorasan Province, center latitude and longitude 27.37 and 2.57 degrees and elevation 1070 m above sea level), has been measured by survey meter.Materials and methods: In order to determine the amount of outdoor gamma radiation dose rate, in Bojnurd, a survey meter was used. Measurements for 30 points and four seasons of the year were done. Detector was placed on tripods and at a height of 1 m from the surface of the earth and each time, the dose rate was read at the desired location for 50 minutes.Results: Absorbed dose rate in different parts of the city and for the seasons of spring 133.5 nGy/h, summer 140.0 nGy/h, autumn 135.2 nGy/h and winter 126.3 nGy/h were measured. According to these values, the annual average absorbed dose rate 133.7 nGy/h, and the outdoor annual effective dose absorbed by the residents of the city was estimated to be an average of 0.16 mSv.Conclusions: The annual effective dose caused by natural gamma for residents of Bojnurd is more than the double of world average value (0.07 mSv, UNSCEAR- 2000).

Elahi Name poetry is consisting one of the absolute literary works of Attar Neishaboori, in biographies and translator books, It has been said that the rhythm of this couplet consisting catalectic hexameter Hazaj. In this article, the author regarding the elements of the couplet which is based on Mafa'elaton is attempting reasonably to prove that the mentioned couplet has been versified according to vaver Mas'ood Maqtoof meter. It is necessary to note that these two meters (catalectic Hexameter Hazaj and vafer Mas'ood) are similar, and this similarity causes confusion between these two meters in prosody of Persian and Arbic languages.

For Qom city, the revision in consumption patterns and saving the household water consumption is a priority. Chargeable prepaid water meters are effective tools for consumption management that can provide necessary feedback for consumers. This study peruses the impact of prepaid meters on household water consumption management. A relationship has been investigated for the use of prepaid meters with the management of household water consumption and the costs of Qom Water and Wastewater Company. Data of this research has been analyzed by use of descriptive and inferential indicators using the methods of inferential statistics such as the mean of two Dependent Statistic Societies. Sampling was the main tool of this study and a part of the data of survey has been collected with use of a questionnaire containing closed questions. Simple random was the basis for the sampling. Library resources have also been used. The results show that considering the “temperature” as an affecting factor, the prepaid meters has been saved %14.36 in water consumption of households. Neglecting the temperature changes, per capita of water consumption has decreased by %13. The use of prepaid meters has decreased the Qom Water and Wastewater Company costs by 53% due to the skipping of reading services of the postpaid meters.

The word “Cycle” (Dowr in Persian) has been used in the old prosody, but cyclic meter has been discussed anymore. Cyclic meters, in modern prosody, refers to a group of intermitted-basis meters that standing a long syllable instead of stretched syllable at the end of half-hemistich makes no disorder in the meter, and the poet is allowed to use a stretched syllable in half-hemistich of these meters instead of a long syllable. The definition of cyclic meter and its circumstances have been always controversial between experts. Cycle in music and old prosody, explanation of cyclic meters circumstances, a critical analysis of cyclic meters features and their differences with intermitted-basis meters are being studied in present paper. The definition of "periodicity" and "the silence time in half-hemistich" for the meters in Persian poetry and the origin of poetic license will subsequently be reviewed and the distinction between cyclic and non-cyclic prosodies will be discussed on the basis of these two features.

Introduction: In order to discharge the patients receiving treatment with large radiation doses of 131I for thyroid cancer, it is necessary to measure and evaluate the external dose rates of these patients. The aim of the study was to assess a new method of external dose rate measurement, and to analyze the obtained results as a function of time.Materials and Methods: In this study, a telescopic radiation survey meter was utilized to measure the external dose rates of a sample population of 192 patients receiving treatment with high-dose 131I at one, 24, and 48 hours after dose administration.Results: The proposed technique could reduce the occupational radiation exposure of the physicist by a factor of 1.16. Moreover, the external dose rates of both genders rapidly decreased with time according to bi-exponential equations, which could be attributed to the additional factors associated with iodine excretion, as well as the physiology of the body in terms of 131I uptake.Conclusion: According to the results of this study, telescopic radiation survey meter could be used to measure the external dose rates of patients receiving treatment with 131I. Furthermore, the average difference in the radiation exposure between female and male patients was calculated to be less than 17%.

Ticks are important ectoparasites in equids which causes economic losses in animal husbandry of Iran and worldwide. This study was aimed to determine frequency and species diversity of hard ticks in equids in Turkman sahra, Iran. 240 equids were randomly selected and examined from 2018-2019. Ixodid ticks were collected from body surface of examined animals and identified. Of all examined equids, 37.91% horses, and 4.16% donkeys were infested with a total number of 357 ixodid ticks. Tick indices (tick number per animal) were 3.53.  The highest prevalence of hard ticks was found in ≥3 years-old equids in the region. There was significant difference between prevalence and different age groups of infested animals. Of all examined ticks (357), three genera including Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Dermacentor spp. with four species. i.e. Hyalomma anatolicum (65.26%), H. marginatum (10.64%), Rhipicephalus bursa (22.12%) and Dermacentor marginatus (1.96%) were identified. Ixodid ticks’ infestations occured throughout the year with the highest prevalence in spring. There was significant difference between prevalence of hard ticks and seasons in this study. The results revealed that species diversity and ixodid ticks’ infestations were prevalent in the equids of Turkman sahra, Iran.

In Islamic civilization, rhetoric is the product of a great attempt to find out the secrets of Quranic language; nevertheless, the achievements of such studies have been mechanically applied to Persian which, compared to Arabic, has a different linguistic system and literary conventions. This approach has brought about problems in defining literary terms, internal rhythm being one of them. This article, through comparing the classical and modern understandings of internal rhythm, and also by considering the history of studies on this concept, examines the quality of meter in internal rhythm.

This paper introduces a meter of the root-mean-square value of deterministic and stochastic signals of an arbitrary shape that are generated over the set time interval. Such a meter involves only the minimum number of simple arithmetic operations to obtain results, and it ensures a high degree of measurement accuracy. For this purpose, the direct calculation of the signal root-mean-square value is applied while the measurement of the half-period average straightened signal value is carried out by means of the traditional measurement devices. Implementation of this meter requires neither the knowledge of what the signal period is, nor the synchronization with the processed sampling. Simulation is then carried out demonstrating the high efficiency of the proposed measurement algorithm. We analyze the characteristics of the meter operating within a wide frequency range of the measurable signals. The recommendations concerning the hardware implementation of such a meter by means of the field programmable gate arrays are considered. The meter can be used when designing digital high-frequency AC voltmeters and ammeters and it can provide the readings that do not depend upon the signal waveform.

The most exquisite and the greatest manifestations of our culture in our turbulent historical periods are the magnificent works in Persian literature reflecting all historical, cultural, social .psychological, aesthetic, and other aspects. To appreciate the value of these invaluable gems, we must scrutinize over the delicate and witty points and distinguish between the good well as bad aspects because our contemporary literature is the logical continuation of the past literature. In this regard, knowledge of different genres, history of literature, prosody, stylistics, mysticism, history of language, grammar, rhyme and rhythm, Radif, etc each provides a way for better understanding of literary works. Rhythmical language is an appealing subject for people, and some verses and musical statements remained from the time before Islam is an evidence of this. The evaluation of image laden language initiated from the time that a science or a craft entitled rhyme and rhythm was introduced. This article attempts to find a method for understanding the prevalent as well as obsolete meters, and it provides statistical samples from various poetic in the works of the seventh and the beginning of the eighth century famous poets.